The ASMrs operate in extremely hazardous conditions and difficult working conditions with high risks. Therefore, project has been supporting counterparts or state organizations relevant to ASM Occupational Health and Safety in improving ASM safety through raising awareness of probable accidents and building capacity within ASM communities as well as strengthening capacity of safety and rescue service providers since 2006. As a result of close collaboration with these counterparts the number of accidents and fatalities at ASM sites has been decreased, but number of accidents and fatality of illegal artisanal miners increased in 2016. There have been significant improvements in ASM safety and ASM enrolments in social and health insurance schemes.