This paper reviews a series of strategies for improving environmental performance in the small-scale gold mining industry. It has identified a series of technological, managerial, and policy measures for improving environmental performance at small-scale gold mines. Given the budgetary limitations and shortages of scientific expertise prevalent in most developing countries, it was recommended that a strategy emphasizing improved regulation of small-scale gold mining, increased implementation of efficient mercury technologies, and the establishment of land-use policies be adopted.